Common defenses in refusal matters include challenging the legality of the traffic stop, questioning whether a lawful and clear request for testing was made, and identifying procedural lapses in how the refusal was documented. Other approaches examine officer conduct, the availability of testing equipment, or record-keeping errors that undermine the government’s position. Each case depends on its facts, and defenses are tailored accordingly. Gathering video evidence, witness statements, and records of the stop and any subsequent testing helps build these defenses. In Forest, presenting a detailed factual account and highlighting inconsistencies in official reports can make a meaningful difference during administrative hearings and criminal proceedings.